Europe · High and late Middle Ages
Principality of Theodoro
drawn on the map 1333–1474
Greek Authentía póleōs Theodoroús kaí parathalassías ("Lordship of the city of Theodoro and the Maritime Region"); also Gothia or Theodoro-Mangup. A Greek-Orthodox principality in southwestern Crimea, capital at Doros/Mangup, the last territorial vestige of the Crimean Goths and one of the final rump states of the Eastern Roman world.
- Shown on the map
- 1333–1474
- Peak area
- 1k km²
- Region
- Europe
Names
Greek Authentía póleōs Theodoroús kaí parathalassías ("Lordship of the city of Theodoro and the Maritime Region"); also Gothia or Theodoro-Mangup. A Greek-Orthodox principality in southwestern Crimea, capital at Doros/Mangup, the last territorial vestige of the Crimean Goths and one of the final rump states of the Eastern Roman world. Closely allied with the Empire of Trebizond. First mentioned as a principality in the early 14th century; rulers included Demetrios (first recorded, c. 1362–68) and, on the eve of the fall, the Gabras/Palaiologos-connected dynasty. Devastated by Timur (1395), it recovered after his death (1404) to become a significant Black Sea power, profiting from Genoese instability. After the fall of Constantinople (1453), Morea (1460) and Trebizond (1461), Theodoro was the last independent Byzantine-Greek state. It fell in the Ottoman Crimean campaign of 1475: after a roughly three-to-five-month siege, Gedik Ahmed Pasha captured Mangup in December 1475; the last prince Alexander was taken to Constantinople and executed — extinguishing the last Byzantine successor state 22 years after 1453.
Common questions
- What was the Principality of Theodoro?
- Greek Authentía póleōs Theodoroús kaí parathalassías ("Lordship of the city of Theodoro and the Maritime Region"); also Gothia or Theodoro-Mangup. A Greek-Orthodox principality in southwestern Crimea, capital at Doros/Mangup, the last territorial vestige of the Crimean Goths and one of the final rump states of the Eastern Roman world.
- When is the Principality of Theodoro shown on the map?
- The border data draws the Principality of Theodoro 1333–1474. The source samples borders at fixed dates, so a span can begin late or run on past the end.
- How large was the Principality of Theodoro?
- At its greatest extent drawn on this map, the Principality of Theodoro covered about 1,000 km². That is the largest area the border data gives it across the years it is drawn, not necessarily its greatest extent in history.
Sources
This compendium cites its sources once for the whole document rather than per territory. Its bibliography names the English Wikipedia articles for each polity as the primary basis, cross-checked against Encyclopædia Britannica, the World History Encyclopedia and the scholarship of Donald Queller, Thomas Madden and Jonathan Harris on the Fourth Crusade, whose post-conspiracy reading of 1204 this document follows. The article this entry is anchored on:
- Wikipedia — Principality of Theodoro en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principality_of_Theodoro
This entry was last updated .
This entry was researched and drafted with AI from the sources above, and has not been reviewed by a historian. How entries are made
Text available under CC BY-SA 4.0: reuse it with a credit to The World Through Time and a link to this page. Passages drawing on the Wikipedia articles listed above are also licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 by their contributors.
Border geometry for the map itself comes from Cliopatria v0.12 (Seshat Global History Databank, CC-BY-4.0).
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