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Europe · High and late Middle Ages
Principality of Kiev
drawn on the map 1056–1240
Old East Slavic Kyivskoye knyazhestvo; Latin Kiovia. The city name derives from the legendary founder Kyi. Dates: conventionally 1132 (death of Mstislav the Great and the effective end of a unified Kievan Rus') to 1471 (conversion into a Lithuanian province).
- Shown on the map
- 1056–1240
- Peak area
- 146k km²
- Region
- Europe
Names/etymology
Old East Slavic Kyivskoye knyazhestvo; Latin Kiovia. The city name derives from the legendary founder Kyi. Dates: conventionally 1132 (death of Mstislav the Great and the effective end of a unified Kievan Rus') to 1471 (conversion into a Lithuanian province). Kiev had been the seat of the Grand Prince of all Rus' since the 10th century; after 1132 it became one principality among many, though its prince retained enormous prestige.
The story of Kiev's political decline is the story of the fragmentation of Kievan Rus'. The rota (lateral) succession system, in which the senior surviving member of the Rurikid house held Kiev while juniors held lesser towns, generated recurring civil wars. The turning point traditionally cited is 1169, when Andrei Bogolyubsky, prince of Vladimir-Suzdal, sacked Kiev and — significantly — did not move there but installed a subordinate and returned north, a symbolic transfer of gravity away from the Dnieper. Kiev was devastated far more catastrophically in December 1240 by the Mongols under Batu Khan; the Church of the Tithes collapsed under the weight of refugees. Thereafter Kiev was a shadow, subject to Golden Horde overlordship and then, from the 1360s, absorbed into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania after Algirdas's victory at the Battle of Blue Waters (c. 1362). A Lithuanian appanage under the Olelkovich princes survived until 1471, when Kiev was reorganized as a voivodeship.
Institutions
the veche (town assembly), the prince and his druzhina (retinue), and the boyar council. Sources/historiography: the Primary Chronicle (Povest' vremennykh let) is the foundational but heavily edited narrative; the "gathering of the Russian lands" and the competing Russian, Ukrainian, and Belarusian claims to the Kievan inheritance are among the most politically charged debates in East European historiography.
Common questions
- What was the Principality of Kiev?
- Old East Slavic Kyivskoye knyazhestvo; Latin Kiovia. The city name derives from the legendary founder Kyi. Dates: conventionally 1132 (death of Mstislav the Great and the effective end of a unified Kievan Rus') to 1471 (conversion into a Lithuanian province).
- When is the Principality of Kiev shown on the map?
- The border data draws the Principality of Kiev 1056–1240. The source samples borders at fixed dates, so a span can begin late or run on past the end.
- How large was the Principality of Kiev?
- At its greatest extent drawn on this map, the Principality of Kiev covered about 146,000 km². That is the largest area the border data gives it across the years it is drawn, not necessarily its greatest extent in history.
Sources
This compendium cites its sources once for the whole document rather than per territory. Its bibliography names the English Wikipedia articles for each territory as the primary basis, with Encyclopædia Britannica, the World History Encyclopedia, academic works (John Fine on the Balkans, Halperin and Martin on Muscovy, Rady and Veszprémy on Hungary) and, for a few entries, the medieval Livonian Chronicle of Henry itself. The article this entry is anchored on:
- Wikipedia — Principality of Kiev en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principality_of_Kiev
This entry was last updated .
Text available under CC BY-SA 4.0: reuse it with a credit to The World Through Time and a link to this page. Passages drawing on the Wikipedia articles listed above are also licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 by their contributors.
Border geometry for the map itself comes from Cliopatria v0.12 (Seshat Global History Databank, CC-BY-4.0).
Further reading in Knowledge
- Trade & Travel · Novgorod Republic Sadko: The Novgorod Merchant Between Chronicle and Legend Sadko, the gusli-player who became Novgorod's richest merchant: what the bylina tells, what the chronicle says about a real Sotko, and Novgorod's trade.
- People · Mongol Empire Subutai: Genghis Khan's Greatest General, Fact and Fiction Subutai (1176–1248) led Mongol armies from China to Hungary. What the Yuan shi, the Secret History and the chronicles say, and where the legend begins.
- People · Mongol Empire Jochi: Genghis Khan's Eldest Son and the Question of His Father Jochi, eldest son of Genghis Khan, gave his name to the Golden Horde. What the sources say about his birth, the succession quarrel, and his early death.
- Sources & Evidence · Principality of Chernigov The Tale of Igor's Campaign: The 1185 Raid, the Lost Manuscript and the Forgery Debate The Tale of Igor's Campaign and the failed raid of 1185: what the chronicles say, how the only manuscript was lost, and why scholars think it genuine.
- People · Kievan Rus' Vladimir Monomakh: The Prince Who Held Rus' Together Vladimir Monomakh, grand prince of Kyiv from 1113 to 1125: his wars against the Polovtsians, the councils that kept Rus' together, his Instruction, and the cap.
- War & Warriors · Kievan Rus' The Mongol Invasion of Rus' (1237–1240): How the Cities Fell How the Mongols conquered Rus' in 1237–1240, city by city from Ryazan and Vladimir to Kyiv, what chronicles and graves show, and where the "Tatar yoke" began.
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